math - Mathematical Functions
Math module provides mathematical operation functions, and realizes subsets of the corresponding CPython module. See CPython file math for more detailed information.
Returning x to the yth Power
math.pow
math.pow(x, y)
Returns x to the yth power.
Parameter
x: Any type of real numbers.y: Any type of real numbers.
Return Value
Floating point. x to the yth power.
Example
>>> import math
>>> math.pow(2, 3)
8.0
Returning the Arccosine Radian Value of x
math.acos
math.acos(x)
Returns the arccosine radian value of x.
Parameter
x: Any type of real numbers that range from -1 to 1, including -1 and 1. If it is smaller than -1 or larger than 1, the error will be generated.
Return Value
Floating point. The arccosine radian value of x.
Example
>>> import math
>>> math.acos(0.6)
0.9272952
Returning the Arcsine Radian Value of x
math.asin
math.asin(x)
Returns the arcsine radian value of x.
Parameter
x: Any type of real numbers that range from -1 to 1, including -1 and 1. If it is less than -1 or greater than 1, the error will be generated.
Return Value
Floating point. The arcsine radian value of x.
Example
>>> import math
>>> math.asin(-1)
-1.570796
Returning the Arctangent Radian Value of x
math.atan
math.atan(x)
Returns the arctangent radian value of x.
Parameter
x: Any type of real numbers.
Return Value
Floating point. The arctangent radian value of x.
Example
>>> import math
>>> math.atan(-8)
-1.446441
>>> math.atan(6.4)
1.4158
Returning the Arc-tangent Value of the Given x and y Coordinate Values
math.atan2
math.atan2(x, y)
Returns the arctangent value of the given X and Y coordinate values.
Parameter
x: Any type of real numbers.y: Any type of real numbers.
Return Value
Floating point. The arctangent value of the coordinate (x ,y).
Example
>>> import math
>>> math.atan2(-0.50,0.48)
-0.8058035
>>> math.atan2(7, 9)
0.6610432
Returning the Integer of A Number Obtained by Rounding up
math.ceil
math.ceil(x)
Returns the integer of a number obtained by rounding up.
Parameter
x: Any type of real numbers.
Return Value
Integer type. x: The minimum integer which is greater than or equal to the input parameter.
Example
>>> import math
>>> math.ceil(4.1)
5
Putting the Plus or Minus Symbol of y in front of x
math.copysign
math.copysign(x, y)
Puts the plus or minus symbol of y in front of x.
Parameter
x: Any type of real numbers.y: Any type of real numbers.
Return Value
Floating point. The value after putting the plus or minus symbol of y in front of x.
Example
>>> import math
>>> math.copysign(5, 0)
5.0
>>> math.copysign(5, -4)
-5.0
>>> math.copysign(5, 9)
5.0
Returning the Cosine Value of the x Radian
math.cos
math.cos(x)
Returns the cosine value of the x radian.
Parameter
x: Any type of real numbers.
Return Value
Floating point. The cosine value of the x radian which ranges from -1 to 1.
Example
>>> import math
>>> math.cos(3)
-0.9899925
Converting the Radian to the Angle
math.degrees
math.degrees(x)
Converts the radian to the angle.
Parameter
x: Any type of real numbers.
Return Value
Floating point. The angle which is converted by radian x.
Example
>>> import math
>>> math.degrees(5)
286.4789
>>> math.degrees(math.pi/2)
90.0
Mathematical Constant e
math.e
The mathematical constant e is a natural constant.
Returning e to the xth Power
math.exp
math.exp(x)
Returns e to the xth power.
Parameter
x: Any type of real numbers.
Return Value
Floating point. e to the xth power.
Example
>>> import math
>>> math.exp(1)
2.718282
>>> print(math.e)
2.718282
Returning the Absolute Value of a Number
math.fabs
math.fabs(x)
Returns the absolute value of a number.
Parameter
x: Any type of real numbers.
Return Value
Floating point. The absolute value of x.
Example
>>> import math
>>> math.fabs(-3.88)
3.88
Returning the Integer of a Number Obtained by Rounding down
math.floor
math.floor(x)
Returns the integer of a number obtained by rounding down.
Parameter
x: Any type of real numbers.
Return Value
Integer type. x: The maximum integer which is less than or equal to the input parameter.
Example
>>> import math
>>> math.floor(8.7)
8
>>> math.floor(9)
9
>>> math.floor(-7.6)
-8
Returning the Remainder of x/y
math.fmod
math.fmod(x, y)
Returns the remainder of x/y.
Parameter
x: Any type of real numbers.y: Any type of real numbers.
Return Value
Floating point. The remainder of x/y.
Example
>>> import math
>>> math.fmod(15, 4)
3.0
>>> math.fmod(15, 3)
0.0
Returning a Tuple Consisting of the Decimal and Integer Parts of x
math.modf
math.modf(x)
Returns a tuple consisting of the decimal and integer parts of x.
Parameter
x: Any type of real numbers.
Return Value
Floating point. The remainder of x/y.
Example
>>> import math
>>> math.modf(17.592)
(0.5919991, 17.0)
Returning a Tuple (m,e)
math.frexp
math.frexp(x)
Returns a tuple (m,e).
Parameter
x: Floating point.
Return Value
Returns a tuple (m,e) , and returns the mantissa and exponent of x in the form of (m,e) . m is a floating point, e is an integer, and x == m * 2**e. If x is 0, (0.0, 0) will be returned, otherwise 0.5 <= abs(m) < 1 will be returned.
Example
>>> import math
>>> math.frexp(52)
(0.8125, 6)
Determining Whether x Is a Finite Number
math.isfinite
math.isfinite(x)
Determines whether x is a finite number.
Parameter
x: Any type of real numbers.
Return Value
Determines whether x is a finite number. If x is a finite number, True will be returned, otherwise False will be returned.
Example
>>> import math
>>> math.isfinite(8)
True
Determining Whether x Is an Infinity Number or a Minus Infinity Number
math.isinf
math.isinf(x)
Determines whether x is an infinity number or a minus infinity number.
Parameter
x: Any type of real numbers.
Return Value
If x is an infinity number or a minus infinity number, True will be returned, otherwise False will be returned.
Example
>>> import math
>>> math.isinf(123)
False
Determining Whether x Is Not a Number
math.isnan
pymath.isnan(x)
Determines whether x is not a number (NaN).
Parameter
x: Any type of real numbers.
Return Value
If x is not a number, True will be returned, otherwise False will be returned.
Example
>>> import math
>>> math.isnan(23)
False
Returning the Value of x(2*i)
math.ldexp
math.ldexp(x, exp)
Returns the value of x*(2^i)
Parameter
x: Any type of real numbers.
Return Value
Floating point. The value of x(2*i).
Example
>>> import math
>>> math.ldexp(2, 1)
4.0
Returning the Natural Logarithm of x
math.log
math.log(x)
Returns the natural logarithm of x.
Parameter
x: Any type of real numbers. If it is less than 0, the error will be reported.
Return Value
Floating point. The natural logarithm of x.
Example
>>> import math
>>> math.log(2)
0.6931472
Mathematical Constant pi
math.pi
Mathematical constant pi (Pi, which is generally expressed as π).
Converting the Angle to the Radian
math.radians
math.radians(x)
Converts the angle to the radian.
Parameter
x: Any type of real numbers.
Return Value
Floating point. The radian which is converted by the angle x.
Example
>>> import math
>>> math.radians(90)
1.570796
Returning the Sine Value of x Radian
math.sin
math.sin(x)
Returns the sine value of x radian.
Parameter
x: Any type of real numbers.
Return Value
Returns the sine value of x radian which ranges from -1 to 1.
Example
>>> import math
>>> math.sin(-18)
0.7509873
>>> math.sin(50)
-0.2623749
Returning the Square Root of the Number x
math.sqrt
math.sqrt(x)
Returns the square root of x.
Parameter
x: Any type of real numbers.
Return Value
Floating point. The square root of x.
Example
>>> import math
>>> math.sqrt(4)
2.0
>>> math.sqrt(7)
2.645751
Returning the Tangent Value of x Radian
math.tan
math.tan(x)
Returns the tangent value of x radian.
Parameter
x: Any type of real numbers.
Return Value
Floating point. The tangent value of x radian which ranges from -1 to 1.
Example
>>> import math
>>> math.tan(9)
-0.4523157
Returning the Integer Part of x.
math.trunc
math.trunc(x)
Returns the integer part of x.
Parameter
x: Any type of real numbers.
Return Value
Integer type. The integer part of x.
Example
>>> import math
>>> math.trunc(7.123)
7
Example
# The example of mathematical operation math()
import math
import log
import utime
'''
The following two global variables are necessary. You can modify the values of these two global variables based on project requirement
'''
PROJECT_NAME = "QuecPython_Math_example"
PROJECT_VERSION = "1.0.0"
if __name__ == '__main__':
# Sets the log output level
log.basicConfig(level=log.INFO)
math_log = log.getLogger("Math")
# The value of x**y
result = math.pow(2,3)
math_log.info(result)
# 8.0
# Takes the minimum integer that is greater than or equal to x. If x is an integer, x will be returned
result = math.ceil(4.12)
math_log.info(result)
# 5
# You can use 0 when putting the plus or minus symbol of y in front of x
result = math.copysign(2,-3)
math_log.info(result)
# -2.0
# x must be a radian when evaluating the cosine value of x
result = math.cos(math.pi/4)
math_log.info(result)
# 0.7071067811865476
# Converts x from the radian to the angle
result = math.degrees(math.pi/4)
math_log.info(result)
# 45.0
# e indicates a constaant
result = math.e
math_log.info(result)
# 2.718281828459045
# exp() returns math.e(the value is 2.71828) to the xth power
result = math.exp(2)
math_log.info(result)
# 7.38905609893065
# fabs() returns the abosulate value of x
result = math.fabs(-0.03)
math_log.info(result)
# 0.03
# floor() takes the maximum integer less than or equal to x. If x is an integer, x will be returned
result = math.floor(4.999)
math_log.info(result)
# 4
# fmod() gets the remainder of x/y. It is a floating point
result = math.fmod(20,3)
math_log.info(result)
# 2.0
# frexp() returns a tuple (m,e), the following is its formula method: Divide x by 0.5 and 1 respectively, then get a range of the value in which the value of 2e is in this range.e takes the maximum integer that meets the requirement. Then evaluates x/(2e), and the value of m will be got.If x is equal to 0, then both the value of m and e are 0.The absolute value of m ranges from (0.5,1), excluding 0.5 and 1
result = math.frexp(75)
math_log.info(result)
# (0.5859375, 7)
# isfinite() If x is a finite number, True will be returned. Otherwise False will be returned
result = math.isfinite(0.1)
math_log.info(result)
# True
# isinf() If x is an infinity number or a minus infinity number, True will be returned. Otherwise False will be returned
result = math.isinf(234)
math_log.info(result)
# False
# isnan() If x is not a number, True will be returned. Otherwise False will be returned.
result = math.isnan(23)
math_log.info(result)
# False
# ldexp() returns the value of x*(2**i)
result = math.ldexp(5,5)
math_log.info(result)
# 160.0
# modf() returns a tuple consisting of the decimal and integer parts of x
result = math.modf(math.pi)
math_log.info(result)
# (0.14159265358979312, 3.0)
# pi: Mathematical constant,Pi
result = math.pi
math_log.info(result)
# 3.141592653589793
# sin() evaluates the sine value of x(x is a radian)
result = math.sin(math.pi/4)
math_log.info(result)
# 0.7071067811865476
# sqrt() evaluates the square root of x
result = math.sqrt(100)
math_log.info(result)
# 10.0
# tan() returns the tangent value of x(x is a radian)
result = math.tan(math.pi/4)
math_log.info(result)
# 0.9999999999999999
# trunc() returns the integer part of x
result = math.trunc(6.789)
math_log.info(result)
# 6